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Graphene- The Wonder Material.

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Graphene was first demonstrated by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, two physicists from the University of Manchester, in 2004 for which they had won Noble Price in 2010. Scientists argued that strictly 2 dimensional crystalline materials were thermodynamically unstable and could not exist. Graphene is a single layer (monolayer) of carbon atoms, closely bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. It is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a plane of sp2-bonded atoms (though carbon has a valency of four, due to similar reasons as that of graphite as it is derived from it) with a molecular bond length of 0.142 nanometres. Strength of Graphene Layers of graphene stacked on top of each other form graphite, with an interplanar spacing of 0.335 nanometres, these layers are held by Van der Waals force. The separate layers of graphene in graphite are held together by Van der Waals forces, which can be overcome during exfoliation of graphene from graphite. There are about 30,00,000 layers of g...
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What is Gravity?

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  So what exactly is gravity? We define gravity in many ways, including stating that it's a "force" in the universe exhumed by massive objects but  Albert Einstein defined gravity as - it was a "consequence" of the bending of spacetime. I'm sure you have your own ways to describe what it is and what it isn't, but the technical definition is that it is: "a natural phenomenon by which all the matters with mass or energy including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light (it is a form of energy) are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another." To put it in your perspective, every object, even you and I, have our own personal gravity field. The problem is that while we do exert our own gravity, it pales in comparison to what the Earth's is. Thus, when two people stand next to each other, the lighter person doesn't get pulled directly into the other person, because Earth's gravity overrides that. The Earth as a whole has such a str...
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Carrington Event - Geomagnetic Storm of 1859.

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On 28th of August, 1859, in the night the skies around the globe lit up with spectacular displays of light. In few places the sky glowed red as if it were  reflecting a huge wildfire. For almost a week skies around the globe illuminated so brightly that it was possible to read a newspaper at even at midnight. Everywhere, people gathered and gazed the sky, terrified and  in equal measure. The major chunk of people had no clue of what they were witnessing, and could only assume that it was a portent of the end of the world. Reports exist from many different countries of the strange phenomena that could be seen during the whole week which followed the 28th of August, 1859. In Boston, the sky glowed red to such a degree that many who witnessed it believed that there was a fire burning over the horizon, at least until the red transmuted to a vivid green. The effect was almost bewildering, and was witnessed with mingled feelings of a...
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